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Scedosporium prolificans
''Scedosporium prolificans'' is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes a wide variety of infections in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed people and animals.〔〔〔 Originally named ''Lomentospora prolificans'' in 1974,〔 it was transferred to the genus ''Scedosporium'' in 1991.〔 It is resistant to most antifungal drugs and infections are often fatal.〔 Successful control of disseminated ''Scedosporium prolificans'' infection can be obtained with a combination of voriconazole and terbinafine,〔 but some strains are resistant to this treatment. Drugs that might also be of help are posaconazole, miltefosine and albaconazole. Albaconazole is in Phase III clinical trials.
==History==
The genus ''Lomentospora'' was erected by G. Hennebert and B.G. Desai in 1974 to accommodate a culture obtained from greenhouse soil originating from a forest in Belgium.〔 The fungus, which they named ''Lomentospora prolificans'', was thought incorrectly to be related to the genus ''Beauveria'' - a group of insect-pathogenic soil fungi affiliated with the Order Hypocreales.〔〔 The genus name "Lomentospora" referred to the shape of the apex of the spore-bearing cell, which the authors interpreted to be a rachis resembling a bean pod of the sort constricted at each seed. The species epithet "prolificans" derived from the prolific nature of the mold's sporulation. The fungus was later independently described as ''Scedosporium inflatum'' by Malloch and Salkin in 1984 from a bone biopsy of the foot of a boy who had stepped on a nail.〔 The species epithet "inflatum" referred to the characteristically swollen base of the spore-bearing cell which they recognized correctly to be an annelide. Malloch and Salkin did not observe a sexual state, however they recognized the fungus to be associated with the family Microascaceae, and suspected it to be allied with the genus ''Pseudallescheria''.〔 In 1991, Guého and De Hoog re-examined a set of cultures of ''Scedosporium''-like fungi from clinical cases by careful morphological examination and the evaluation of DNA-DNA reassociation complementarity. Along with two strains from their own work, they found the cultures of Hennebert & Desai and Malloch & Salkin to constitute a single species which they confirmed to belong in the genus ''Scedosporium''.〔 ''Lomentospora prolificans'' was then transferred to ''Scedosporium'' as ''S. prolificans'', and ''Scedosporium inflatum'' became a synonym. This synonymy has since been confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions.〔 Despite this change, and even as recently as 2012, the name ''Scedosporium inflatum'' has continued to appear in the medical literature.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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